Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Retaining Wall Structure – A Case Study Project in Kermanshah

Articles in Press

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah,

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

10.22075/jrce.2026.2574

Abstract

Field observations at a state building project in Kermanshah, Iran, revealed significant deformation and cracking in the basement retaining walls. Investigation showed that, although the walls were originally designed to act integrally with the main structural frame, construction deviations led to their separation from the building system, causing them to behave as independent cantilever elements under soil pressure. Structural assessment was first performed using ETABS to evaluate bending moments, shear forces, and wall–frame interaction under static and pseudo-static seismic soil loading. The results indicated that the existing wall configuration failed to meet flexural and shear capacity requirements, with base moments exceeding the calculated section capacity of 95 kN.m per meter width. Two rehabilitation strategies were examined: (i) increasing wall thickness, and (ii) re-establishing structural continuity by connecting the retaining walls to the main structural frame through reinforced concrete jacketing and diaphragm anchorage. The second approach was selected for implementation. To validate the proposed solution, soil–structure interaction and global stability were analyzed using PLAXIS2D. The factor of safety increased from 1.085 in the existing condition to 1.565 after rehabilitation, and wall displacement was significantly reduced. The integrated system demonstrated improved load redistribution and structural coherence under both static and seismic conditions. The study highlights the importance of structural continuity and soil–structure interaction in the assessment and rehabilitation of retaining walls in seismic regions.

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Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 28 April 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 24 December 2025
  • Revise Date: 19 February 2026
  • Accept Date: 08 March 2026

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