Base Isolation Systems – A State of the Art Review According to Their Mechanism

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Department of structure, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Seismic isolation is a method to reduce the destructive effects of earthquakes on a structure in which the structure is separated from its foundation by devices called seismic isolators. As a result, the horizontal movements of the earthquake transmitted to the structure are reduced. The seismic isolation is used for both newly constructed structures as well as for retrofitting the existing buildings. Due to the appropriate functioning of the isolators in past earthquakes, many structures are now equipped with these earthquake-resistant systems. So far, some review research works have been conducted on the seismic isolation techniques but in the limited and regional application form. In this paper, a historical evolutionary review of the isolation techniques has been conducted in chronological order. The methods of seismic isolation have been categorized based on their mechanism. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. In addition, the latest advances and new methods developed in this field have been introduced.

Keywords

References

[1] Buckle, I. G., Mayes, R. L. (1990). “Seismic isolation: history, application, and performance—a world view”. Earthquake Spectra, 6(2), pp. 161-201.
[2] Patil, S., Reddy, G. (2012). “State of art review-base isolation systems for structures”. International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, Vol. 2(7), pp. 438-453.
[3] Kelly, J. M. (1986). “Aseismic base isolation: review and bibliography”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 5(4), 202-216.
[4] Harvey Jr, P. S., Kelly, K. C. (2016). “A review of rolling-type seismic isolation: historical development and future directions”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 125, pp. 521-531.
[5] Warn, G. P., Ryan, K. L. (2012). “A review of seismic isolation for buildings: historical development and research needs”. Buildings, Vol. 2(3), pp. 300-325.
[6] Fasil, N. K., Pillai, P. R. S. (2018). “The State Of The Art On Seismic Isolation Of Shear Wall Structure Using Elastomeric Isolators”. International Research Journal Of Engineering And Technology (IRJET), Vol. 5(4), pp. 1349-1351.
[7] Jain, M., Sanghai, S. (2017). “A Review: On Base Isolation System”. IJSART, Vol. 3(3), pp. 326-330.
[8] Clemente, P., Martelli, A. (2019). “Seismically isolated buildings in Italy: state-of-the-art review and applications”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 119, pp. 471-487.
[9] Kunde, M. C., Jangid, R. S, (2003). “Seismic behavior of isolated bridges: A-state-of-the-art review”. Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 3(2), pp. 140-169.
[10] Naveena, K., Nair, N. (2017). “Review On Base Isolated Structures”. International Research Journal Of Engineering And Technology (IRJET), Vol. 4(6), pp. 2610-2613.
[11] Semwal, S.,  Dyani, S. (2017). “Review Paper On Base Isolation System: Modern Techniques”. International Journal Of Research In Technology And Management (IJRTM), Vol. 3(2), pp. 32-34.
[12] Rai, A. K., Mishra, B. (2017). “A critical review on base isolation techniques for its application as earthquake resistant buildings with particular need/adherence in eastern Uttar Pradesh”. International Journal Of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, Vol. 6(2), pp. 234-245.
[13] Verma, A., Gupta, A., Nath, B. (2017). “Base Isolation System: A Review”. International journal of engineering and science invention, Vol 6, pp. 43-46.
[14] Panchal, V., Soni, D. (2014). “Seismic behavior of isolated fluid storage tanks: A-state-of-the-art review”. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 18(4), pp. 1097-1104.
[15] Girish, M., Pranesh, M. (2013). “Sliding isolation systems: state-of-the-art review”. Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (SICETE), pp. 30-35.
[16] Clemente, P. (2017). “Seismic isolation: past, present and the importance of SHM for the future”. Journal of Civil Structural Health Monitoring, Vol. 7(2), pp. 217-231.
[17] Gupta, N., Sharma, D., Poonam. (2014). “State Of Art Review-Base Isolation For Structures”. International Journal Of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 5(5).
[18] Bhaskar, G. B., Khanchandani, M. L. (2018). “A Review On Seismic Response Of Building With Base Isolation”. International Journal Of Scientific Research And Review, Vol. 7(1), pp. 92-96.
[19] Jangid, R. S., & Datta, T. K. (1995). “Seismic behavior of base-isolated buildings-a state-of-the-art review”. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, Vol. 110(2), pp. 186-203
[20] Skinner, R. I., Robinson, W. H., McVerry, G. H. (1993). “An introduction to seismic isolation”. John Wiley & Sons. USA.
[21] Naeim, F., & Kelly, J. M. (1999). “Design of seismic isolated structures: from theory to practice”. John Wiley & Sons. USA.
[22] Constantinou, M. C., Whittaker, A., Kalpakidis, Y., Fenz, D., Warn, G. P. (2007). “Performance of seismic isolation hardware under service and seismic loading”. Thechnical Report, MCEER-07-0012, August.
[23] Koh, C. G., Kelly, J. M. (1988). “A simple mechanical model for elastomeric bearings used in base isolation”. International journal of mechanical sciences, Vol. 30(12), pp. 933-943.
[24] Abe, M., Yoshida, J., & Fujino, Y. (2004a). “Multiaxial behaviors of laminated rubber bearings and their modeling. I: Experimental study”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 130(8), pp. 1119-1132.
[25] Abe, M., Yoshida, J., Fujino, Y. (2004b). “Multiaxial behaviors of laminated rubber bearings and their modeling. II: Modeling”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 130(8), pp. 1133-1144.
[26] Koo, G. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, H. Y., Yoo, B. (1999). “Stability of laminated rubber bearing and its application to seismic isolation”. KSME International Journal, Vol. 13(8), pp. 595-604.
[27] Kumar, M., Whittaker, A. S., Constantinou, M. C. (2015). “Experimental investigation of cavitation in elastomeric seismic isolation bearings”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 101, pp. 290-305.
[28] Ishii, K., Kikuchi, M., Nishimura, T., Black, C. J. (2017). “Coupling behavior of shear deformation and end rotation of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 46(4), pp. 677-694.
[29] Maureira, N., de la Llera, J., Oyarzo, C., Miranda, S. (2017). “A nonlinear model for multilayered rubber isolators based on a co-rotational formulation”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 131, pp. 1-13.
[30] Crowder, A. P., Becker, T. C. (2017). “Experimental investigation of elastomeric isolation bearings with flexible supporting columns”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 143(7), pp. 04017057-1-12.
[31] Hwang, J., & Ku, S. (1997). “Analytical modeling of high damping rubber bearings”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 123(8), pp. 1029-1036.
[32] Hwang, J., Wu, J., Pan, T. C., Yang, G. (2002). “A mathematical hysteretic model for elastomeric isolation bearings”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 31(4), pp. 771-789.
[33] Dall’Asta, A., Ragni, L. (2006). “Experimental tests and analytical model of high damping rubber dissipating devices”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 28(13), pp. 1874-1884.
[34] Bhuiyan, A., Okui, Y., Mitamura, H., Imai, T. (2009). “A rheology model of high damping rubber bearings for seismic analysis: Identification of nonlinear viscosity”. International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 46(7-8), pp. 1778-1792.
[35] Yuan, Y., Wei, W., Tan, P., Igarashi, A., Zhu, H., Iemura, H., Aoki, T. (2016). “A rate‐dependent constitutive model of high damping rubber bearings: modeling and experimental verification”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 45(11), pp. 1875-1892.
[36] Tubaldi, E., Mitoulis, S., Ahmadi, H., Muhr, A. (2016). “A parametric study on the axial behavior of elastomeric isolators in multi-span bridges subjected to horizontal seismic excitations”. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 14(4), pp. 1285-1310.
[37] Tubaldi, E., Mitoulis, S., Ahmadi, H. (2018). “Comparison of different models for high damping rubber bearings in seismically isolated bridges”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 104, pp. 329-345.
[38] Robinson, W., Tucker, A. (1976). “A lead-rubber shear damper”. Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, Vol 4, pp. 151-153.
[39] Robinson, W. H. (1982). “Lead‐rubber hysteretic bearings suitable for protecting structures during earthquakes”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 10(4), pp. 593-604.
[40] Ryan, K. L., Kelly, J. M., Chopra, A. K. (2005). “Nonlinear model for lead–rubber bearings including axial-load effects”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 131(12), pp. 1270-1278.
[41] Warn, G. P., Whittaker, A. S., Constantinou, M. C. (2007). “Vertical stiffness of elastomeric and lead–rubber seismic isolation bearings”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 133(9), pp. 1227-1236.
[42] Kumar, M., Whittaker, A. S., Constantinou, M. C. (2014). “An advanced numerical model of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 43(13), pp. 1955-1974.
[43] Han, X., Warn, G. P. (2014). “Mechanistic model for simulating critical behavior in elastomeric bearings”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 141(5), pp. 04014140-1-12.
[44] Zhou, T., Wu, Y., Li, A. (2019). “Implementation and Validation of a Numerical Model for Lead-Rubber Seismic Isolation Bearings”. Journal of Mechanics, Vol. 35(2), pp. 153-165.
[45] Hu, K., Zhou, Y., Jiang, L., Chen, P., Qu, G. (2017). “A mechanical tension-resistant device for lead rubber bearings”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 152, pp. 238-250.
[46] Islam, A. S., Hussain, R. R., Jameel, M., Jumaat, M. Z. (2012). “Non-linear time domain analysis of base isolated multi-storey building under site specific bi-directional seismic loading”. Automation in Construction, Vol. 22, pp. 554-566.
[47] Attanasi, G., Auricchio, F., Fenves, G. L. (2009). “Feasibility assessment of an innovative isolation bearing system with shape memory alloys”. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 13(S1), pp. 18-39.
[48] Attanasi, G., Auricchio, F. (2011). “Innovative superelastic isolation device”. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 15(S1), pp. 72-89.
[49] Ozbulut, O. E., & Hurlebaus, S. (2010). “Seismic assessment of bridge structures isolated by a shape memory alloy/rubber-based isolation system”. Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 20(1), pp. 12-015003.
[50] Dezfuli, F. H., Alam, M. S. (2013). “Shape memory alloy wire-based smart natural rubber bearing”. Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 22(4), pp.17-045013.
[51] Dezfuli, F. H., Alam, M. S. (2014). “Performance-based assessment and design of FRP-based high damping rubber bearing incorporated with shape memory alloy wires”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 61, pp. 166-183.
[52] Dezfuli, F. H., Alam, M. S. (2015). “Hysteresis model of shape memory alloy wire-based laminated rubber bearing under compression and unidirectional shear loadings”. Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24(6), pp. 19-065022.
[53] Dezfuli, F. H., & Alam, M. S. (2018). “Smart lead rubber bearings equipped with ferrous shape memory alloy wires for seismically isolating highway bridges”. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 22(6), pp. 1042-1067.
[54] Kelly, J. M. (1999). “Analysis of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators”. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 2(1), pp. 19-34.
[55] Tsai, H. C., Kelly, J. M. (2002). “Stiffness analysis of fiber-reinforced rectangular seismic isolators”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 128(4), pp.462-470.
[56] Toopchi‐Nezhad, H., Tait, M. J., Drysdale, R. G. (2008). “Testing and modeling of square carbon fiber‐reinforced elastomeric seismic isolators”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 15(6), pp. 876-900.
[57] Kang, G. J., Kang, B. S. (2009). “Dynamic analysis of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolation structures”. Journal of mechanical science and technology, Vol. 23(4), pp. 1132-1141.
[58] Angeli, P., Russo, G., Paschini, A. (2013). “Carbon fiber-reinforced rectangular isolators with compressible elastomer: Analytical solution for compression and bending”. International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 50(22-23), pp. 3519-3527.
[59] Mostaghel, N., Hejazi, M., Tanbakuchi, J. (1983). “Response of sliding structures to harmonic support motion”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 11(3), pp. 355-366.
[60] Jangid, R. S. (1996). “Seismic response of sliding structures to bidirectional earthquake excitation”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 25(11), pp. 1301-1306.
[61] Nanda, R. P., Agarwal, P., Shrikhande, M. (2012). “Suitable friction sliding materials for base isolation of masonry buildings”. Shock and Vibration, Vol. 19(6), pp. 1327-1339.
[62] Constantinou, M. C., Caccese, J., & Harris, H. G. (1987). “Frictional characteristics of Teflon–steel interfaces under dynamic conditions”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 15(6), pp. 751-759.
[63] Mostaghel, N., Khodaverdian, M. (1987). “Dynamics of resilient‐friction base isolator (R‐FBI)”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 15(3), pp. 379-390.
[64] Zayas, V. A., Low, S. S., Mahin, S. A. (1990). “A simple pendulum technique for achieving seismic isolation”. Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 6(2), pp. 317-333.
[65] Petti, L., Polichetti, F., Lodato, A., Palazzo, B. (2013). “Modeling and analysis of base-isolated structures with friction pendulum system considering near-fault events”. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 3(02), pp. 86-93.
[66] Fenz, D. M., Constantinou, M. C. (2006). “Behavior of the double concave friction pendulum bearing”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 35(11), pp. 1403-1424.
[67] Fenz, D. M., Constantinou, M. C. (2008a). “Modeling triple friction pendulum bearings for response-history analysis”. Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 24(4), pp. 1011-1028.
[68] Fenz, D. M., Constantinou, M. C. (2008b). “Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Experimental verification”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 37(2), pp. 185-205.
[69] Fenz, D. M., Constantinou, M. C. (2008c). “Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Theory”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 37(2), pp. 163-182.
[70] Pranesh, M., Sinha, R. (2000). “VFPI: an isolation device for aseismic design”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 29(5), pp. 603-627.
[71] Pranesh, M., Sinha, R. (2002). “Earthquake resistant design of structures using the variable frequency pendulum isolator”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 128(7), pp. 870-880.
[72] Lu, L. Y., Wang, J., Hsu, C. C. (2006). “Sliding isolation using variable frequency bearings for near-fault ground motions”. 4th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. No.164.
[73] Panchal, V., Jangid, R. S. (2008). “Variable friction pendulum system for seismic isolation of liquid storage tanks”. Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol.  238(6), pp. 1304-1315.
[74] Xiong, W., Zhang, S. J., Jiang, L. Z., Li, Y. Z. (2017). “Introduction of the convex friction system (CFS) for seismic isolation”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 24(1), e1861.
[75] Xiong, W., Zhang, S. J., Jiang, L. Z., Li, Y. Z. (2018). “The Multangular-Pyramid Concave Friction System (MPCFS) for seismic isolation: A preliminary numerical study”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 160, pp. 383-394.
[76] Hoseini Vaez, S. R., Naderpour, H., Kalantari, S. M., & Fakharian, P. (2012). “Proposing the Optimized Combination of Different Isolation Bearings Subjected to Near-Fault Ground Motions”. In 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), September (pp. 24-28).
[77] Hoseini Vaez, S. R., Naderpour, H.,  Fakharian, P. (2012). “Influence of Period Elongation on Dynamic Response of Base-Isolated Buildings having FPS Isolators”. Proceeding of the Second National Conference on Disaster Management, Iran, June, pp. No. 19.
[78] Lin, T. W., Chern, C. C., Hone, C. C. (1995). “Experimental study of base isolation by free rolling rods”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 24(12), pp. 1645-1650.
[79] Jangid, R. S., Londhe, Y. (1998). “Effectiveness of elliptical rolling rods for base isolation”. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 124(4), pp. 469-472.
[80] Zhou, Q., Lu, X., Wang, Q., Feng, D., Yao, Q. (1998). “Dynamic analysis on structures base‐isolated by a ball system with restoring property”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 27(8), pp. 773-791.
[81] Jangid, R. S. (2000). “Stochastic seismic response of structures isolated by rolling rods”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 22(8), pp. 937-946.
[82] Butterworth, J. (2006). “Seismic response of a non-concentric rolling isolator system”. Advances in Structural Engineering, Vol. 9(1), pp. 39-54.
[83] Barghian, M., Shahabi, A. B. (2007). “A new approach to pendulum base isolation”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 14(2), pp. 177-185.
[84] Chung, L., Yang, C., Chen, H., Lu, L.-Y. (2009). “Dynamic behavior of nonlinear rolling isolation system”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 16(1), pp. 32-54.
[85] Ou, Y. C., Song, J., Lee, G. C. (2010). “A parametric study of seismic behavior of roller seismic isolation bearings for highway bridges”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 39(5), pp. 541-559.
[86] Rawat, A., Ummer, N., Matsagar, V. (2018). “Performance of bi-directional elliptical rolling rods for base isolation of buildings under near-fault earthquakes”. Advances in Structural Engineering, Vol. 21(5), pp. 675-693.
[87] Shahabi, A. B., Ahari, G. Z., Barghian, M. (2019). “Suspended Columns for Seismic Isolation in Structures (SCSI): A preliminary analytical study”. Earthquakes and Structures, Vol. 16(6), pp. 743-755.
[88] Becker, T. C., Yamamoto, S., Hamaguchi, H., Higashino, M., Nakashima, M. (2015). “Application of isolation to high-rise buildings: a Japanese design case study through a US design code lens”. Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 31(3), pp. 1451-1470.
[89] Nakamura, Y., Saruta, M., Wada, A., Takeuchi, T., Hikone, S., Takahashi, T. (2011). “Development of the core‐suspended isolation system”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 40(4), pp. 429-447.
[90] Hosseini, M., Farsangi, E. N. (2012). “Telescopic columns as a new base isolation system for vibration control of high-rise buildings”. Earthquakes and Structures, Vol. 3(6), pp. 853-867.
[91] Ismail, M., Rodellar, J., & Ikhouane, F. (2009). “Performance of structure–equipment systems with a novel roll-n-cage isolation bearing”. Computers & Structures, Vol. 87(23-24), pp. 1631-1646.
[92] Ismail, M., Rodellar, J., & Ikhouane, F. (2012). “Seismic protection of low‐to moderate‐mass buildings using RNC isolator”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 19(1), pp. 22-42.
[93] Ismail, M. (2016). “Novel hexapod‐based unidirectional testing and FEM analysis of the RNC isolator”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 23(6), pp. 894-922.
[94] Karayel, V., Yuksel, E., Gokce, T., Sahin, F. (2017). “Spring tube braces for seismic isolation of buildings”. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol. 16(1), pp. 219-231.
[95] Saitoh, M. (2012). “On the performance of gyro‐mass devices for displacement mitigation in base isolation systems”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 19(2), pp. 246-259.
[96] Hu, Y., Chen, M. Z., Shu, Z., Huang, L. (2015). “Analysis and optimization for inerter-based isolators via fixed-point theory and algebraic solution”. Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 346, pp. 17-36.
[97] De Domenico, D., Ricciardi, G. (2018a). “An enhanced base isolation system equipped with optimal tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI)”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 47(5), pp. 1169-1192.
[98] De Domenico, D., & Ricciardi, G. (2018b). “Improving the dynamic performance of base‐isolated structures via tuned mass damper and inerter devices: A comparative study”. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, Vol. 25(10), e2234.
[99] De Domenico, D., Ricciardi, G. (2018c). “Optimal design and seismic performance of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) for structures with nonlinear base isolation systems”. Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, Vol. 47(12), pp. 2539-2560.
[100] De Domenico, D., Impollonia, N., Ricciardi, G. (2018). “Soil-dependent optimum design of a new passive vibration control system combining seismic base isolation with tuned inerter damper”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 105, pp. 37-53.
[101] Anajafi, H., Medina, R. A. (2018). “Comparison of the seismic performance of a partial mass isolation technique with conventional TMD and base-isolation systems under broad-band and narrow-band excitations”. Engineering Structures, Vol. 158, pp. 110-123.
[102] Gandelli, E., Limongelli, M. P., Quaglini, V., Dubini, P., Vazzana, G., Farina, G. (2014). “Re-centring capability of friction pendulum system: parametric investigation”. 2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Istanbul.
[103] Kumar, M., Whittaker, A. S., Constantinou, M. C. (2013). “Mechanical properties of elastomeric seismic isolation bearings for analysis under extreme loadings”.  22nd International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-22), San Francisco, USA.
[104] Gent, A. (1990). “Cavitation in rubber: a cautionary tale”. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 63(3), pp. 49-53.
[105] De Domenico, D., Ricciardi, G., Benzoni, G. (2018). “Analytical and finite element investigation on the thermo-mechanical coupled response of friction isolators under bidirectional excitation”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 106, pp. 131-147.

Files

Cited by

History

  • Receive Date: 21 October 2018
  • Revise Date: 01 November 2019
  • Accept Date: 02 December 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics