Effect of Nanoclay-Depended Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of a Collapsible Soil

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

1 Civil Engineering Department, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq

2 Directorate of Education, Ministry of Education, Najaf, Iraq

3 Civil Engineering Department, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq

Abstract

The research investigates the effects of adding nanoclay on the shear strength properties of two gypseous sand soils. The soil samples were taken from the cities of Tikrit (55% gypsum) and Al-Najaf (29% gypsum). A direct shear test was used to examine soil specimens in dry conditions and immediately after a saturation procedure. The distributed soil specimens were remolded in the direct shear box to achieve a specific density. The shear speed was 1.0 mm/min. For both soil samples, there are different added nanoclay contents, 0, 2, 5, and 7%. Three levels of normal stress are applied, 25, 50, and 100 kPa on each soil specimen. The results state that there is a significant decrease in the angle of internal friction with saturation for both soil samples due to the gypsum solution in these soils. The resulting saturated F is significantly lower than the reported mean values in the literature. The F is recovered by adding nanoclay content up to 5% worthily. A mathematical model correlates the values of F and the percentage of nanoclay using a regression analysis with restricting gypsum content (29-55%) and nanoclay (≥ 0%) in saturation conditions.

Graphical Abstract

Effect of Nanoclay-Depended Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of a Collapsible Soil

Highlights

  • The paper investigates the effect of adding nanoclay on the shear strength parameters of two gypseous sand soils. The soil samples are from Al-Najaf city (29% gypsum) and Tikrit city (55% gypsum). The soil specimens are tested dry and immediately after a saturation process using a direct shear box.
  • The resulting values of the shear strength parameters are compared with those available for the city.
  • The apparent cohesion is neglected due to its effect on the saturation process.
  • After a saturation process, there is about a 25% decrease in the values of the internal friction angle (F) for both soils.
  • With the addition of a nanoclay, there is an increase in F. The percentage increase depends on the gypsum content.
  • The rise in F is 17 to 32% for 29 and 55% of gypsum, respectively. The significant increase in F is within 5% nanoclay.
  • The resulting saturated F is significantly lower than the reported mean values in the literature, but with the addition of nanoclay, the measured values are close to those reported.
  • Within no significant effect of the gypsum within the range of 29 to 55%, an equation (3) relating the F with nanoclay is adopted using a regression with a good correlation (R2=0.82).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 26 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 30 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 15 January 2025

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