Environmental Assessment of 3D Printed Concrete: Potentials and Challenges, Perspectives, and Opportunities (2013-2023)

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran

Abstract

3D Printed Concrete (3DPC), or additive manufacturing in construction (AMC), is rapidly transforming the construction industry. By offering enhanced automation, faster construction processes, and reduced labor costs, 3DPC minimizes material waste and enables intricate architectural designs that are not feasible with traditional methods. A comprehensive review spanning 2013–2023 confirms its viability, particularly in remote or challenging environments where conventional construction faces limitations. This technology eliminates traditional formwork, granting unprecedented design flexibility and enabling the creation of complex geometric shapes. The review highlights recent advancements in 3DPC while acknowledging challenges hindering widespread adoption, including high initial costs, the need for rigorous pre-fabrication structural modeling, and complex regulatory approvals. Conducting cost-benefit analyses is critical for broader industry acceptance. The study emphasizes 3DPC’s sustainability potential, particularly in reducing environmental impacts. Recognizing the ecological drawbacks of Portland cement, 3DPC offers a pathway to reduce cement consumption and mitigate the construction industry’s carbon footprint. Strategies to optimize energy and environmental performance include exploring alternative cementitious materials (e.g., geopolymers, recycled aggregates) and refining printing processes to minimize waste. Furthermore, the research examines 3DPC’s socio-economic implications, such as job creation in advanced manufacturing and localized production benefits. Despite challenges like regulatory complexity and upfront investment, 3DPC represents a promising avenue for a more sustainable, efficient, and innovative future in construction.

Graphical Abstract

Environmental Assessment of 3D Printed Concrete: Potentials and Challenges, Perspectives, and Opportunities (2013-2023)

Highlights

  • The environmental effect of 3DP depends heavily on the materials used.
  • By conducting thorough LCAs tailored to 3DPC, one can gain an understanding of the ecological effects of the material.
  • For the environmental evaluation of 3DPC, cooperation between academic institutions, businesses, and regulatory agencies is essential.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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  • Receive Date: 02 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 12 February 2025
  • Accept Date: 09 March 2025

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