Experimental Study of Reinforced Concrete Frame Rehabilitated by Concentric and Eccentric Bracing

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University

2 Civil Engineering Faculty, Semnan University

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch

Abstract

Adding steel braces to reinforced concrete frames is a common way for seismic rehabilitation of these structures. Due to ease of installation and the possibility of creating openings in the braced bays, this method of rehabilitation has been more preferred than using shear walls. In this paper, three experimental specimens including a reinforced concrete frame, a reinforced concrete frame with concentric bracing and a reinforced concrete frame with eccentric bracing are constructed and their cyclic behavior inspected and compared with each other. Results reveal that the ultimate loads of the both concrete frames with concentric and eccentric braces are about 2.11 and 1.9 times more than that of reinforced concrete frame, respectively. Ductility of rehabilitated frame by eccentric bracing is more than that of reinforced concrete frame and rehabilitated frame by concentric bracing as well. Moreover, the absorbed energy of the rehabilitated frames with eccentric and concentric bracing is about 1.98 and 1.63 times more than that of concrete frame.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Desai, J.P., Jain, A.K., Arya, A.S. (1987). "Seismic response of RC braced frames", Computers and Structures, Vol. 29, Issue 4, pp. 557-568.
[2] Badux, M., Jirsa, J.O. (1991)."Steel bracing of RC frames for seismic retrofitting", Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 116, Issue 1.
[3] Maheri, M.R., Sahebi, A. (1997)."Use of steel bracing in reinforced concrete frames", Engineering Structures, Vol. 19, Issue 12,pp. 1018-1024.
[4] Ghobarah, A., Elfath, H.A. (2001)."Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete frame using eccentric steel bracing", Engineering Structures, Vol. 23, Issue 7, pp. 745-755.
[5] Shan, H., Di, T. (2003)."Seismic behavior of RC braced frames", ACI Structural Journal.
[6] Maheri, M.R., Kousari, R., Razazan, M. (2003)."Pushover tests on steel X-braced RC frames", Engineering Structures, Vol. 25, pp. 1697-1705.
[7] Maheri, M.R., Hadjipour, A. (2003)."Experimental investigation and design of steel brace connection to RC frame", Engineering Structures, Vol. 25, pp. 1707-1714.
[8] Hemmati, A. (2006)."Seismic rehabilitation of a 7-story reinforced concrete building by steel concentric bracings", Research Bulletin of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 34.
[9] Ghaffarzadeh, H., Maheri, M.R.(2006)."Cyclic tests on the internally braced RC frames", JSEE, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 177-186.
[10] Ghaffarzadeh, H., Maheri, M.R.(2006)."Mechanical compression release device in steel bracing system for retrofitting RC frames", Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol. 5, Issue 1.
[11] Youssef, M.A., Ghaffarzadeh, H., Nehdi, M. (2007)."Seismic performance of RC frames with concentric internal steel bracing", Engineering Structures, Vol. 29, Issue 7, pp. 1561-1568.
[12] kheyroddin, A. (2008)."Investigation of nonlinear behavior of bending RC frames strengthened by steel bracings", International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 25-35.
[13] Maheri, M.R., Ghaffarzadeh, H. (2008)."Connection overstrength in steel braced RC frames", Engineering Structures, Vol. 30, pp. 1938-1948.
[14] Massumi, A., Tasnimi, A.A. (2008)."Strengthening of low ductile reinforced concrete frames using steel X-bracings with different details", The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, China.
[15] GhodratiAmiri, G., Gholamrezatabar, A. (2008)."Energy dissipation capacity of shear link in rehabilitated reinforced concrete frame using eccentric steel bracing", 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, China.
[16] Said, A., Nehdi, M. (2008)."Rehabilitation of RC frame joints using local steel bracing", Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 6, pp. 431-447.
[17] Mazzolani, F.M., Corte, G.D., D'Aniello, M. (2009)."Experimental analysis of steel dissipative bracing systems for seismic upgrading", Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 7-19.
[18] Massumi, A., Absalan, M. (2013). "Interaction between bracing system and moment resisting frame in braced RC frames", Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 260-268.
[19] Hemmati, A., Kheyroddin, A. (2013). "Behavior of large-scale bracing system in tall buildings subjected to earthquake loads", Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 206-216.
[20] Umesh, R.B, Shivaraj, M. (2014)."Seismic response of reinforced concrete structure by using different bracing systems", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3.
[21] Karthic, K.M, Vidyashree, D. (2015)."Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular RC building frames under seismic loads", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4.
[22] Huang, L., Tan, H., Yan, L. (2015)."Seismic behavior of chevron braced reinforced concrete frame", Materials and Structures, Vol. 48, Issue 12, pp. 4005-4018.
[23] Ince, G., Ince, H.H., Ocal, C. (2015)."Seismic behavior of RC frames retrofitted by eccentrically braced frames with vertical link", 27th The IIER International Conference, Russia.
[24] Gong, J., Zhu, Z., Zeng, C. (2017)."Review of research and application of reinforced concrete structures strengthened by braces", 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Material Science.
[25] Kheyroddin, A., Gholhaki, M., Pachide, G. (2019). "Seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete moment frames retrofitted with steel braces using IDA and pushover methods in the near-fault field", Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 227-241.
[26] Maheri, M.R., Akbari, R. (2003)."Seismic behavior factor for steel X-braced and knee-braced RC buildings", Engineering Structures, Vol. 25, pp. 1505-1513.
[27] Maheri, M.R., Akbari, R. (2013)."Analytical investigation of response modification (behaviour) factor, R, for reinforced concrete frames rehabilitated by steel chevron bracing", Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 507-515.
[28] BHRC.(2014)."Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings", 4th edition.
[29] ACI-374.1-05 (2005)."Accepted criteria for moment frames based on structural testing and commentary", American Concrete Institute.
[30] Paulay, T, Priestly, M.J.N. (1992). "Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings". Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Files

Cited by

History

  • Receive Date: 29 September 2018
  • Revise Date: 24 April 2019
  • Accept Date: 20 June 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics