Study on Drainage of Pavement Layers and Improvement Strategies: Case Study

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran

Abstract

Road infrastructure facilities have a crucial role in the development of countries by providing connectivity of cities for humans and goods. Moisture intrusion is one of the main pavement damages that can decline the pavement surface conditions and reduce structural strength and load-carrying capacity. The design of the pavement layers needs to collect data about soil properties, regional precipitation, pavement geometries, surface and subsurface drainage properties, and vehicular traffic. In this study, the drainage of the pavement layers of Qom-Kashan Freeway (Amirkabir Freeway) located in Iran has been investigated. In experimental studies, the classification, physical and chemical properties, Atterberg limits and Sand Equivalent (SE),‌ density and moisture of the pavement layers,‌ the load-bearing capacity of the pavement layers materials, and drainage system quality have been evaluated. The classification of materials is mostly of the type (GW-GM) A-1-a and (GP-GM) A-1-b, which are suitable materials for the implementation of the subgrade, sub-base, and base layers. The percentage of weight loss of materials of the sub-base and base layers, with Los Angeles and sodium sulfate abrasion tests, is within the allowable limits. Results of the test of Atterberg limits determination of the pavement layers indicate that most of the materials in the subgrade, sub-base, and base layers are non-plastic (NP). So, the problem of swelling is not observed in these layers. To prevent water permeation into the pavement body, destruction of the bottom layers, and pumping the paving materials, four strategies have been suggested and applied to improve the drainage performance.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Hall, K.T., Correa, C.T. and Simpson, A.L. (2003a). “Performance of Flexible Pavement Maintenance Treatments in the Long-Term Pavement Performance SPS-3 Experiment”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1823(1), 47-54.
[2] Hall, K.T., Correa, C.T. and Simpson, A.L. (2003b). “Performance of Rigid Pavement Rehabilitation Treatments in the Long-Term Pavement Performance SPS-6 Experiment”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1823(1), 64-72.
[3] Ji, Y., Xie, J. and Liu, M. (2018). “Double-layer Drainage Performance of Porous Asphalt Pavement”, International Conference on Civil, Mechanical and Material Engineering, 1973(1), 48-55.
[4] Harrigan, E.T. (2002). “Performance of Pavement Subsurface Drainage”, NCHRP Research Results Digest, Issue 268, Washington DC, United States.
[5] Wyatt, T.R. and Macari, E.J. (2000). “Effectiveness Analysis of Subsurface Drainage Features Based on Design Adequacy”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1709(1), 69-77.
[6] Ji, R. and Nantung, T. (2015). “Quantification of Benefits of Subsurface Drainage on Pavement Performance in Indiana”, Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, United States.
[7] Arika, C.N., Canelon, D.J. and Nieber, J.L. (2009). “Subsurface Drainage Manual for Pavements in Minnesota”, Minnesota Department of Transportation.
[8] Zaghloul, S., Ayed, A.,  Ahmed, Z., Henderson, B., Springer, J. and Vitillo, N. (2004). “Effect of Positive Drainage on Flexible Pavement Life-Cycle Cost”, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1868(1), 135-141.
[9] Mneina, A., Shalaby, A., Soliman ,S. and Kass, S. (2018). “Effects of Unbound Granular Materials Gradation Parameters on the Drainage Quality of Pavement Structures”, Innovation in Geotechnical and Material Engineering, Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, Saskatoon, SK.
[10] AASHTO (1993). “Guide for Design of Pavement Structures”, American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C..
[11] Ji, J., Wang, D., Suo, Z., Xu, Y. and Xu, S. (2018). “Study on direct coal liquefaction residue influence on mechanical properties of flexible pavement”, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 11(4), 355-362.
[12] Farukh, Z.A. and Ravekar, V.P. (2016). “Study on Drainage Related Performance of Flexible Highway Pavements”, International Journal On Recent & Innovative Trend In Technology, 2(9), 79-89.
[13] Agarwal, P.K., Gurjar, J. and Choudhary, S. (2014). “Evaluation of Effect of Drainage Quality on the Performance of Low Volume Roads in India”, Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1(1), 42-52.
[14] Gurjar, J., Agarwal, P.K. and Sharma, M.K. (2013). “A Framework for Quantification of Effect of Drainage Quality on Structural and Functional Performance of Pavement”, International Journal of Engineering Research, 2(3), 257-263.
[15] Gao, W., Dong, N., Wang, X. and Zeng, M. (2020). “Test Analysis on Drainage Base Mixture of Asphalt Pavement in Cold Area”, 4th International Workshop on Renewable Energy and Development, Sanya, China.
[16] Behnia, B., Buttlar, W.G. and Reis, H. (2014). “Cooling Cycle Effects on Low Temperature Cracking Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete Mixture”, Materials and Structures, 47, 1359-1371.
[17] Li, C. (2010). “Study on Properties of Asphalt Pavement Permeable Base”, Master Thesis, Northeast Forestry University.
[18] Brown, S.A., Schall, T.B., Morris, J.L., Doharty, C.L., Sterin, S.M. and Warner, J.C. (2009). “Urban drainage design Manuel”, Hydraulics engineering circular, No. 22, 3rd edition , FHWA-NHI-10-009.
[19] Tamiru, G. and Ponnurangam, P. (2018). “The Effect of Poor Surface Drainage Structure on Pavement Performance – A Case Study”, International Journal of Science and Research, 7(12), 443-449.
[20] ASTM D2487. (2017). “Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
[21] AASHTO M145. (2021). “Classification of Soil and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures For Highway Construction Purposes”, American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C..
[22] ASTM C535. (2016). “Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
[23] AASHTO T104. (2020). “Standard Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate”, American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C..
[24] “General Technical Specification of Road”, (2013).  No: 101, Islamic Republic of Iran Vice presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision, Office of Deputy for Strategic Supervision Department of Technical Affairs, pp. 844.
[25] AASHTO T193. (2017). “Standard Method of Test for The California Bearing Ratio”, American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C..
[26] ASTM D1883. (2016). “Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
[27] AASHTO T180. (2020). “Standard Method of Test for Moisture–Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop”, American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C..

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 29 November 2021
  • Revise Date: 31 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 20 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics