Evaluation and Retrofit of Circular Reinforced Concrete Silos Built in Lima, Peru, in the 1970s

Document Type : Regular Paper

Authors

1 Top Consult Ingenieria, Lima, Peru

2 Associate Professor. Faculty of Civil Engineering, National University of Engineering, Lima, Peru

Abstract

The assessment of two circular reinforced concrete (RC) silos built in the 1970s is presented. The methodology implemented includes data collection, testing, analysis requirements, structural modeling, evaluation results, and retrofit design. The RC silos were originally designed in the 1970s with very low seismic demand and insufficient engineering details. Evaluation of this specialized structure has reported both stability and strength, as well as severe issues that need to be addressed. National and international codes and guidelines were consulted to define the most appropriate seismic demand, gravitational, and incidental loads, as well as load combination criteria, evaluation and diagnostic requirements, structural design criteria, and effective retrofitting techniques. The main retrofit strategy focused on improving the stability of the silos against overturning, reducing normal stresses on the ground, and strengthening the RC walls to withstand combined axial and bending effects in line with current requirements. The retrofit design included foundation extension and RC jacketing of the silo walls to address these issues. A rational approach to evaluating and retrofitting this type of non-conventional RC structure was developed. Additionally, a cost assessment based on the comparison of concrete and steel reinforcement volumes between the existing silo and the strengthened components is presented.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1]     N. Kuczyńska, M. Wójcik, and J. Tejchman, “Effect of bulk solid on strength of cylindrical corrugated silos during filling,” J. Constr. Steel Res., vol. 115, pp. 1–17, Dec. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.JCSR.2015.08.002.
[2]     D. Adem, K. Zeki, D. Ahmet, and S. Halil, “Cause of Damage and Failures in Silo Structures,” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 65–71, Apr. 2009, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2009)23:2(65).
[3]     M. Bozozuk, “Tower Silo Foundations,” Canada Build. Dig., 1976.
[4]     E. W. Graham and A. M. Rodriguez, “The Characteristics of Fuel Motion Which Affect Airplane Dynamics,” J. Appl. Mech., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 381–388, Apr. 1952, doi: 10.1115/1.4010515.
[5]     G. W. Housner, “Dynamic pressures on accelerated fluid containers,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 15–35, Jan. 1957, doi: 10.1785/BSSA0470010015.
[6]     D. D. Kana, “Validated spherical pendulum model for rotary liquid slosh,” J. Spacecr. Rockets, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 188–195, 1989, doi: 10.2514/3.26052.
[7]     Y. Li and J. Wang, “A supplementary, exact solution of an equivalent mechanical model for a sloshing fluid in a rectangular tank,” J. Fluids Struct., vol. 31, pp. 147–151, May 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.JFLUIDSTRUCTS.2012.02.012.
[8]     A. Lopez and V. Fernández-Dávila, “SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR EVALUATING SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CIRCULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE SILOS,” 2017.
[9]     ACI 313-16, Design Specification for Concrete Silos and Stacking Tubes for Storing Granular Materials. 2016.
[10]   C.-E. C. for Standardization, “Eurocode 1: Action on structures – Part 4: Silos and Tanks, EN-1991-4,” vol. 1, no. 2005, 2006.
[11]   C.-E. C. for Standardization, “Eurocode 8 – Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 4: Silo, Tanks and Pipelines, EN-1998-4,” vol. 1, no. 2005, 2006.
[12]   S. Otani, “Earthquake resistant design of reinforced concrete buildings past and future,” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3–24, 2004, doi: 10.3151/jact.2.3.
[13]   ASCE/SEI 41-17, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. doi: 10.1061/9780784414859.
[14]   Ministerio de Vivienda Construcción y Saneamiento, Norma Técnica E.030 Diseño Sismorresistente. El Peruano, 2018.
[15]   ASCE/SEI 7-10, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. 2010.
[16]   ACI 318-19, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19). American Concrete Institute, 2019.
[17]   FEMA, FEMA-547: Techniques for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, FEMA ; U.S. Department of the Interior ; GSA, 2006.
[18]   Computer & Structures INC, “SAP2000: Integrated Solution for Structural Analysis and Design.” 2020.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 October 2022
  • Revise Date: 15 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 05 July 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics